EFFECT OF VISION TRAINING ON SERVING SKILL OF VOLLEY BALL PLAYERS

For the purpose of this study the investigator randomly selected thirty two volleyball players (N=32) from School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kannur University and B S E Volley ball club Aleppey who were equally divided into experimental group and control group (n=16). Their age ranged from 20 to 25years. The experimental group got sports vision training according to training programme and each training session was for one hour and the total duration of the training programme was for six week. During this period, the control group was let off without any training. The effect of vision training on the serving ability was tested. The pre-test was conducted on the experimental and control group. After six weeks of training post-test was conducted. „T‟test was used to analyse the data. From the statistical analysis it is evident that in serving test item significant changes were noticed after training. INTRODUCTION Sports vision is that training in a dynamic activity that should replicate the actual visual demands of the sports as closely as possible. Sports vision training should include two components; exercise to address any visual deficits as determined by the evaluation and the specific sports vision exercises for a particular sport. There are numerous exercise to improve specific visual skills. After mastering a basic exercise , athlete can try the suggestion for loading for that exercise to further improve their visual and motor skills. After six week training period, a post training evaluation can access the efficacy of the sports vision training. METHODOLOGY For the purpose of this study the investigator randomly selected thirty two volleyball players (N=32) from School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kannur University and B S E Volley ball club Aleppey who were equally divided into experimental group and control group (n=16). Their age ranged from 20 to 25years. The experimental group got sports vision training according to training programme and each training session was for one hour. Training program was 3 days in a week and the total duration of the training programme was for six weeks. Control group which was not given any training programme. After 6 week of training programme, posttest were conducted. For the purpose of testing the serving skill in volleyball of the selected subjects AAHPER volleyball test was administrated. Administration of serving test item, the server was asked to stand at the serving position and to serve over the net on the opposite side where marking were made for test scoring. Cumulative score of the ten trials was taken as the final score. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports Journa l homepage: www.ijpefs.nonolympict imes .org ISSN: 2277: 5447 | Vol.3.No.3 | September‟2014 19 | P a g e Table-I, Training Schedule of Sports Vision Training Week I Week II Week III Week IV Week V Week VI Tracking Two strip sccades Motor Skill (juggling in space) Head Movement Gaze Work Head movement Balance(teeter board) Tracking Bead string Motor Skill (squat) Resistance Exercise (dumbbells) Gaze Work Head movement Resistance Exercise (dumbbells + Head movement) Vergence Hot dog In the sky Balance (single foot) Head Movement Head movement Motor Skill (lunges) Balance + Head movement Vergence Pencil push up Balance (single foot) Juggling Head movement Motor Skill(lunges) Balance + Head movement Coordination Catcho Balance (single foot) Balance (ball balance) Balance (Swiss ball) One Eye Open Swiss ball + strobe light Coordination juggling Balance (single foot) Balance (single foot) Motor Skill (backward run) Motor Skill (squat) Teeter Board + strobe light To find out whether there was any significant difference among control group and experimental group on the skills of volleyball after the vision training programme Independent„t‟ test was used. ANALYSIS OF DATA AND RESULT OF THE STUDY The pre and post test data pertaining to the respective physical variable were collected by employing standardized tests and instruments. The mean difference between the initial and final scores of experimental and control groups were compared by using independent„t‟ test. The level of significance chosen was 0.05 level of confidence throughout the study International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports Journa l homepage: www.ijpefs.nonolympict imes .org ISSN: 2277: 5447 | Vol.3.No.3 | September‟2014 20 | P a g e Table II, Descriptive statistics relating to Serving Test Item of Control and Experimental group Volleying n 1 +n 2 Mean Std. Deviation Experime ntal group Pre 16 22.250 5.360 post 16 26.125 3.774 Control group Pre 16 20.562 3.632 post 16 24.937 4.250 The total number of subjects was 32 and 16 subjects each for Experimental and Control group. The mean of experimental group pre and post were 22.250 and 26.125 and that of control group pre and post were 20.562 and 24.937. The standard deviation of experimental and control group pre and post were 5.360, 3.774 and 3.632, 4.250 respectively. To examine whether these observed mean differences are due to the game nature or due to chance„t‟ ratio was applied for testing statistical significance. Table III, Calculation of ‘t’ ratio showing significant Differences of serving test item Control Factors N Df T Experimental group Pre 32 30 2.364* post Control group Pre 32 30 1.112 post *Significant at 0.05 level of confidence, the table value at 0.05 levels is 2.04. The above table indicates that, there was a significant difference between the pre and posttest performance on serving test item of experimental group, since the calculated „t‟ value of 2.364 is higher than tabulated „t‟ value of 2.04 at 0.05 level of significance with 30 degrees of freedom. CONCLUSION AND RECOMONDATION All the subjects of the experimental groups had undergone six weeks of Sports Vision exercise training for one hour, three days per a week. From the statistical analysis it is evident that in Volleyball Serving Test Item significant changes were noticed after training. In the light of the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations are made. International Athletes can be chosen as subjects for a study of similar nature, an awareness programme can be conducted for Coaches and trainers on the utility of Sports vision training, a study may be undertaken for a International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports Journa l homepage: www.ijpefs.nonolympict imes .org ISSN: 2277: 5447 | Vol.3.No.3 | September‟2014 21 | P a g e longer duration of training, increasing the intensity and including other exercises of vision training. REFERENCE [1] Dawson ML, Zabik RM “Effect of protective eyewear on reaction time in the horizontal field of vision” 1988 Aug; 67 [2] Barris S “study on a review of vision-based motion analysis in sport” Sports Med. 2008 [3] Deng L, Gwiazda J, Thorn F “Children's Refractions and Visual Activities in the School Year and Summer” Optom Vis Sci. 2010 Apr [4] Gislen A and Warrant EJ “Visual training improves underwater vision in children” 2006 Oct [5] Duane Knudson, Darlene A. Kluka “The Impact of Vision and Vision Training on Sport Performance” 2006 JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, Vol. 68 [6] JohnSiderov “Improving interactive facility with vision training” Apr 2009, Volume 73 Issue 4, Pages 128 – 131; [7] Nelson Kautzner Marques Junior “the effect of the peripheral vision training of the quantity of action during the attack of the indoor soccer” 2009, Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, v. 3, n. 1, p. 40-55. [8] Peg Thoms, David B “a test of vision training and potential antecedents to Leaders visioning ability” Volume 9 Issue 1, Pages 3 – 19;27 Dec 2006 [9] Pinar S “Role of vision and task complexity on soleus H-reflex gain” 2010 Apr [10] Paillard T and Noé F “Effect of expertise and visual contribution on postural control in soccer” 2006 Oct


INTRODUCTION
Sports vision is that training in a dynamic activity that should replicate the actual visual demands of the sports as closely as possible.Sports vision training should include two components; exercise to address any visual deficits as determined by the evaluation and the specific sports vision exercises for a particular sport.There are numerous exercise to improve specific visual skills.After mastering a basic exercise , athlete can try the suggestion for loading for that exercise to further improve their visual and motor skills.After six week training period, a post training evaluation can access the efficacy of the sports vision training.

METHODOLOGY
For the purpose of this study the investigator randomly selected thirty two volleyball players (N=32) from School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kannur University and B S E Volley ball club Aleppey who were equally divided into experimental group and control group (n=16).Their age ranged from 20 to 25years.The experimental group got sports vision training according to training programme and each training session was for one hour.Training program was 3 days in a week and the total duration of the training programme was for six weeks.Control group which was not given any training programme.After 6 week of training programme, post-test were conducted.For the purpose of testing the serving skill in volleyball of the selected subjects AAHPER volleyball test was administrated.
Administration of serving test item, the server was asked to stand at the serving position and to serve over the net on the opposite side where marking were made for test scoring.Cumulative score of the ten trials was taken as the final score.To find out whether there was any significant difference among control group and experimental group on the skills of volleyball after the vision training programme Independent"t" test was used.

ANALYSIS OF DATA AND RESULT OF THE STUDY
The pre and post test data pertaining to the respective physical variable were collected by employing standardized tests and instruments.The mean difference between the initial and final scores of experimental and control groups were compared by using independent"t" test.The level of significance chosen was 0.05 level of confidence throughout the study The above table indicates that, there was a significant difference between the pre and post-test performance on serving test item of experimental group, since the calculated "t" value of 2.364 is higher than tabulated "t" value of 2.04 at 0.05 level of significance with 30 degrees of freedom.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMONDATION
All the subjects of the experimental groups had undergone six weeks of Sports Vision exercise training for one hour, three days per a week.From the statistical analysis it is evident that in Volleyball Serving Test Item significant changes were noticed after training.In the light of the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations are made.International Athletes can be chosen as subjects for a study of similar nature, an awareness programme can be conducted for Coaches and trainers on the utility of Sports vision training, a study may be undertaken for a

Table II , Descriptive statistics relating to Serving Test Item of Control and Experimental group
The total number of subjects was 32 and 16 subjects each for Experimental and Control group.The mean of experimental group pre and post were 22.250 and 26.125 and that of control group pre and post were 20.562 and 24.937.The standard deviation of experimental and control group pre and post were 5.360, 3.774 and 3.632, 4.250 respectively.To examine whether these observed mean differences are due to the game nature or due to chance"t" ratio was applied for testing statistical significance.

Table III , Calculation of 't' ratio showing significant Differences of serving test item
Significant at 0.05 level of confidence, the table value at 0.05 levels is 2.04. *